Addressing SSH auto-logout issues often involves configuring two key settings: the TMOUT shell variable and the StopIdleSessionSec setting in /etc/systemd/logind.conf.  Each plays a distinct role in session management and inactivity handling. TMOUT Variable: A Bash shell setting that defines the maximum idle time before automatic logout. It is crucial for users experiencing undesired SSH disconnections …

The XLOOKUP function in Excel includes an argument for “match mode,” which is crucial for determining how the function matches the lookup value with values in the lookup array. XLOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_array, return_array, [if_not_found], [match_mode],[search_mode]) This affects how the function searches for and identifies the value being sought. Below is a breakdown of the different match …

Excel is one of the most popular spreadsheet software used by millions of people worldwide. It offers a wide range of functions and features that help people in data analysis, manipulation, and management. One of the powerful features of Excel is the XLOOKUP function which allows users to look up a specific value in a …

In today’s digital age, it is becoming increasingly important to sign electronic documents using electronic signatures instead of traditional handwritten signatures on paper. One challenge that arises is how to convert a paper-based signature into a transparent electronic signature within a Word document. In this article, we will explore how to achieve this and provide …

As an Excel user, you have likely encountered the problem of having unwanted spaces within your cell contents. Whether it’s due to importing data from another source, copy-pasting, or simply typing too quickly, it’s important to know how to swiftly remove those blank spaces to avoid errors in your work. In this article, we will …

In Excel, it’s important to make sure that the data we work with is clean and doesn’t contain unnecessary spaces. Blank spaces, especially trailing or leading spaces in cells, can cause issues in data processing and analysis. In tasks like sorting, filtering, and applying formulas, hidden spaces can lead to incorrect results too. If you …

The SUMIFS function in Excel is a powerful tool used for adding up values in a range based on multiple criteria. It extends the SUMIF function to allow for multiple criteria. SUMIFS Syntax SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2], …) sum_range: The range of cells to be summed up if they meet the specified criteria. criteria_range1: …

Introduction Linux stands as a bastion of network management, offering a suite of powerful tools and commands for effective network administration. Among these, understanding and managing network interfaces is a crucial skill for any Linux system administrator. Network interfaces in Linux are the points through which devices communicate with external networks. This article delves into …

An SSL certificate chain comprises a sequential arrangement of certificates, including the SSL/TLS Certificate and Certificates from Certificate Authorities (CAs). This chain allows the recipient to authenticate the credibility of the sender and the involved CAs. Within each certificate, there’s data about its issuing authority, serving as a successive connection in the chain. The typical …

Understanding the differences between PEM and DER file formats is important for handling SSL/TLS certificates, as they are two of the most commonly used formats for storing these certificates and keys. Here’s an overview of each format: PEM Format Text-Based Format: PEM (Privacy Enhanced Mail) is a Base64 encoded format used for certificates and keys. …