Linux

Pstree displays the process parent-child relationship in a hierarchical format on Linux. We can use this command to find the parent or child process easily. The output of this command is quite similar to the output of the ps axjf command and the ps -ef –forest command. But pstree result is much easier to understand. Let us …

Bash is a commonly-used shell in many Linux distributions. Bash is a command interpreter.  It is a command-line–only interface containing a handful of built-in commands; it has the ability to launch other programs and to control programs that have been launched from it (job control). We can use bash to interact with the system. Bash …

Ubuntu is a very popular Linux distribution. Many Linux beginners want to learn it but don’t know how to start. Today we will look at how to install Ubuntu system in 2 minutes. After we install it, we can use it to practice our Linux commands. We think it is a good way to start …

Networking management is a common task for Linux admins. Today we will cover some basic networking commands for the Ubuntu Linux interview. These commands are frequently asked during an interview. Hope this post can help you improve your interview performance. 10 Networking Commands For Ubuntu Linux Interview lspci – lists all pci devices. Combine it …

This is a detailed example to learn the difference between hard links and soft links in Linux. Create two files: $ touch foo; touch bar Enter some Data into them: $ echo “Cat” > foo $ echo “Dog” > bar And as expected: $cat foo; cat bar Cat Dog Let’s create hard and soft links: …

Hard links and symbolic links are very confusing for Linux beginners. Today we will look at the differences between these two links. Hard Links In Linux By default, every file has a single hard link that gives the file its name. When we create a hard link, we create an additional directory entry for a …

In this tutorial, we will learn how to install GUI ( graphical user interface ) on Ubuntu server 20.04. We will install ubuntu-desktop in the following example. Four steps to install GUI on Ubuntu Server: update the apt package index and install tasksel choose which GUI we will use use tasksel command to install the …

TCP connection status is a key metric to troubleshooting TCP related network issues. We collect four basic connection status to help you understand what these metrics mean. From these metrics, we can tell that the issue happens from server-side or client-side. understanding TCP active connections openings active connections openings – This indicates the system has …

File system is an important part of Linux world. We collect 10 useful file system concepts below to help you understand what file system is. Important File system Concepts File system: An organization of data as files and directories, with a file-based interface for accessing them, and file permissions to control access. Additional content may …

Raw IO and Direct IO are both bypassing file system cache. Here are more details about these two IOs. This can help us understand the difference and troubleshoot easier when we get a file system issue. Difference Between RAW IO and Direct IO Raw I/O is issued directly to disk offsets, bypassing the file system …